Hybrid Encryption Scheme based on Polar Codes

This paper introduces a secure and efficient hybrid scheme based on polar codes, called as HES-PC. The proposed HES-PC contains of two other mechanisms: a key encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes, called as KEM-PC, a data encapsulation mechanism based on polar codes, called as DEM-PC. In fact, the symmetric key is exchanged between the legitimate partners by exploiting the KEM-PC. Also, secure polar encoding/successive cancelation (SC) decoding is enhanced between the honest parties by using DEM-PC

Longitudinal Analysis of Major Video Streaming Services in the US

Project files are comprised of 1 page pdf and presentation recording in mp4 format.This study relies on several years of NETFLOW data for exchanged traffic between the University of Oregon network (UOnet) and the Internet to perform a longitudinal analysis on the characteristics of popular Internet Applications. We develop techniques to identify connections related to video streams from their NETFLOW records. We then investigate how the fraction of UOnet traffic associated with (i.e. popularity of) major video streaming applications (e.g. YoutTube, Netflix, Amazon Prime), the basic characteristics of their video (e.g. bandwidth and duration) and their delivery mechanism have evolved over the past few years. Our empirical findings will offer valuable insights into important practical aspects of video streams services and their evolution over time.NSF-RE

Graphene-based current mode logic circuits: a simulation study for an emerging technology

In this paper, the usage of graphene transistors is introduced to be a suitable solution for extending low power designs. Static and current mode logic (CML) styles on both nanoscale graphene and silicon FINFET technologies are compared. Results show that power in CML styles approximately are independent of frequency and the graphene-based CML (G-CML) designs are more power-efficient as the frequency and complexity increase. Compared to silicon-based CML (Si-CML) standard cells, there is 94% reduction in power consumption for G-CML counterparts. Furthermore, a G-CML 4-bit adder respectively offers 8.9 and 1.7 times less power and delay than the Si-CML adder

Hardware Implementation of a Polar Code-based Public Key Cryptosystem

In recent years, there have been many studies on quantum computing and the construction of quantum computers which are capable of breaking conventional number theory-based public key cryptosystems. Therefore, in the not-too-distant future, we need the public key cryptosystems that withstand against the attacks executed by quantum computers, so-called post-quantum cryptosystems. A public key cryptosystem based on polar codes (PKC-PC) has recently been introduced whose security depends on the difficulty of solving the general decoding problem of polar code. In this paper, we first implement the encryption, key generation and decryption algorithms of PKC-PC on Raspberry Pi3. Then, to evaluate its performance, we have measured several related parameters such as execution time, energy consumption, memory consumption and CPU utilization. All these metrics are investigated for encryption/decryption algorithms of PKC-PC with various parameters of polar codes. In the next step, the investigated parameters are compared to the implemented McEliece public key cryptosystem. Analyses of such results show that the execution time of encryption/decryption as well as the energy and memory consumption of PKC-PC is shorter than the McEliece cryptosystem.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figure

Secret Key Cryptosystem based on Non-Systematic Polar Codes

Polar codes are a new class of error correcting linear block codes, whose generator matrix is specified by the knowledge of transmission channel parameters, code length and code dimension. Moreover, regarding computational security, it is assumed that an attacker with a restricted processing power has unlimited access to the transmission media. Therefore, the attacker can construct the generator matrix of polar codes, especially in the case of Binary Erasure Channels, on which this matrix can be easily constructed. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to keep the generator matrix of polar codes in secret in a way that the attacker cannot access the required information to decode the intended polar code. With the help of this method, a secret key cryptosystem is proposed based on non-systematic polar codes. In fact, the main objective of this study is to achieve an acceptable level of security and reliability through taking advantage of the special properties of polar codes. The analyses revealed that our scheme resists the typical attacks on the secret key cryptosystems based on linear block codes. In addition, by employing some efficient methods, the key length of the proposed scheme is decreased compared to that of the previous cryptosystems. Moreover, this scheme enjoys other advantages including high code rate, and proper error performance as well

Efficacy of the Biomaterials 3 wt%-nanostrontium-hydroxyapatite-enhanced Calcium Phosphate Cement (nanoSr-CPC) and nanoSr-CPC-incorporated Simvastatin-loaded Poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid) Microspheres in Osteogenesis Improvement

Aims The purpose of this multi-phase explorative in vivo animal/surgical and in vitro multi-test experimental study was to (1) create a 3 wt%-nanostrontium hydroxyapatite-enhanced calcium phosphate cement (Sr-HA/CPC) for increasing bone formation and (2) creating a simvastatin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (SIM-loaded PLGA) microspheres plus CPC composite (SIM-loaded PLGA + nanostrontium-CPC). The third goal was the extensive assessment of multiple in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the above experimental explorative products in vitro and in vivo (animal and surgical studies). Methods and results pertaining to Sr-HA/CPC Physical and chemical properties of the prepared Sr-HA/CPC were evaluated. MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase activities, and radiological and histological examinations of Sr-HA/CPC, CPC and negative control were compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that crystallinity of the prepared cement increased by increasing the powder-to-liquid ratio. Incorporation of Sr-HA into CPC increased MTT assay (biocompatibility) and ALP activity (P \u3c 0.05). Histomorphometry showed greater bone formation after 4 weeks, after implantation of Sr-HA/CPC in 10 rats compared to implantations of CPC or empty defects in the same rats (n = 30, ANOVA P \u3c 0.05). Methods and results pertaining to SIM-loaded PLGA microspheres + nanostrontium-CPC composite After SEM assessment, the produced composite of microspheres and enhanced CPC were implanted for 8 weeks in 10 rabbits, along with positive and negative controls, enhanced CPC, and enhanced CPC plus SIM (n = 50). In the control group, only a small amount of bone had been regenerated (localized at the boundary of the defect); whereas, other groups showed new bone formation within and around the materials. A significant difference was found in the osteogenesis induced by the groups sham control (16.96 ± 1.01), bone materials (32.28 ± 4.03), nanostrontium-CPC (24.84 ± 2.6), nanostrontium-CPC-simvastatin (40.12 ± 3.29), and SIM-loaded PLGA + nanostrontium-CPC (44.8 ± 6.45) (ANOVA P \u3c 0.001). All the pairwise comparisons were significant (Tukey P \u3c 0.01), except that of nanostrontium-CPC-simvastatin and SIM-loaded PLGA + nanostrontium-CPC. This confirmed the efficacy of the SIM-loaded PLGA + nanostrontium-CPC composite, and its superiority over all materials except SIM-containing nanostrontium-CPC

Investigation of Epidemiological, Anatomical, and Risk Factors of the Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection, in Mazandaran Heart Center

AbstractBackground: Aortic aneurysm is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases that can lead to numerous challenges for patients. The mortality rate of ruptured Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA) is observed to be high. In order to reduce this high rate, appropriate methods to diagnose TAA as well as its useful and aggravating factors are to be developed and/or identified. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection, in Mazandaran Heart Center.Method: This cross-sectional study with a census design was performed on all patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection who have undergone aneurysm surgery, from December 2010 to January 2019. Patients’ information was extracted from their medical records archive. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis.Result: From 53 patients with a thoracic aortic aneurysm, 77.4% were male. The mean age of patients was 59.70±12.07 years. 21 (39.6%) patients were more than or equal to 60 years old, while the remaining 32 (60.4%) were less than 60 years of age. The overall mortality rate was 11.3%. The mean aortic diameter of the patients was 5.42 cm. All patients had type A dissection. In other words, type B was not seen.Conclusion: Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of thoracic aortic aneurysm, early screening can be beneficial and can increase the survival rate of patients. Laboratory and pathologic findings, along with clinical findings, can be very beneficial in early diagnosis.Keywords: Aneurysm aorta; thoracic aortic aneurysm; aneurysm dissection; risk facto

Strategic Ingestion of High-Protein Dairy Milk during a Resistance Training Program Increases Lean Mass, Strength, and Power in Trained Young Males

Background: We evaluated the effects of high-protein dairy milk ingestion on changes in body composition, strength, power, and skeletal muscle regulatory markers following 6 weeks of resistance training in trained young males. Methods: Thirty resistance-trained young males (age: 27 ± 3 years; training experience: 15 ± 2 months) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: high-protein dairy milk (both whey and casein) + resistance training (MR; n = 15) or isoenergetic carbohydrate (maltodextrin 9%) + resistance training (PR; n = 15). Milk and placebo were ingested immediately post-exercise (250 mL; 30 g protein) and 30 min before sleep (250 mL; 30 g protein). Before and after 6 weeks of linear periodized resistance training (4 times/week), body composition (bioelectrical impedance), strength, power, and serum levels of skeletal muscle regulatory markers (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, follistatin, myostatin, and follistatin–myostatin ratio) were assessed. Results: The MR group experienced a significantly higher (p 0.05) increase in lean mass, strength, and power (upper- and lower-body) than the PR group. Further, IGF-1, growth hormone, testosterone, follistatin, and follistatin–myostatin ratio were significantly increased, while cortisol and myostatin significantly decreased in the MR group than the PR group (p 0.05). Conclusions: The strategic ingestion of high-protein dairy milk (post-exercise and pre-sleep) during 6 weeks of resistance training augmented lean mass, strength, power, and altered serum concentrations of skeletal muscle regulatory markers in trained young males compared to placebo